If implemented, the new regime will govern the most powerful tech firms – those with strategic market status (SMS) – meaning those with substantial, entrenched market power and where the effects of that market power are particularly widespread or significant. A new ‘Digital Markets Unit’ (DMU) will ensure the ‘rules of the game’ are clear up-front, and work with powerful tech firms to ensure they comply with them.

The three key proposed pillars of the regime for SMS firms are:

• A new, legally binding code of conduct, tailored to each firm and to where the evidence demonstrates problems might occur, designed and overseen by the DMU.
• Pro-competitive interventions, which can be used to address the sources of market power and allow competition to flourish. An example of such an intervention could be imposing interoperability requirements on tech firms and better enabling consumers to control and share data.
• Enhanced merger rules, which would enable the CMA to apply closer scrutiny to transactions involving SMS firms. This would include it being mandatory to notify the CMA of a transaction, imposing a block on completing a deal until the CMA had investigated, and a change to more cautious legal test when looking at the likelihood of harm to consumers in order to address concerns about historic under-enforcement of mergers involving big tech firms.

Following receipt of this advice, the government has committed to consult on proposals for a new pro-competition regime in early 2021 and to legislate to put the DMU on a statutory footing when parliamentary time allows. The taskforce has urged government to move quickly in taking this legislation forward, to take advantage of the clear opportunity for the UK to lead the way in championing a modern pro-competition, pro-innovation regime.

CMA CEO Andrea Coscelli said: “To ensure the UK can continue to enjoy a thriving tech sector, consumers and businesses who rely on tech giants like Google and Facebook should be treated fairly, and competitors should face a level playing field - enabling them to deliver more of the innovative products and services we value so highly.

“For that to happen, the UK needs new powers and a new approach. In short, we need a modern regulatory regime that can enable innovation to thrive, while taking swift action to prevent problems.

“To meet the new challenges of the digital age, it is essential that regulators work together. In developing these proposals, we have benefited from working alongside Ofcom, the ICO and the FCA.”

Information commissioner Elizabeth Denham said: “We welcome the publication of the Digital Markets Taskforce Advice and we have been pleased to support the work of the Taskforce. The dominance of a few major players in digital market impacts on people’s data protection rights when they use these platforms. Our involvement with the Taskforce reflects the importance of safeguarding these rights and ensuring individuals have greater control over their personal information.

“We continue to work closely with the CMA, Ofcom and FCA through the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum to co-ordinate our approach to the regulatory challenges presented by new digital markets and platforms.”